Imibala yinxalenye engenakuphepheka yehlabathi lethu. Yonke into esiyichukumisayo, esiyibonayo okanye esivakalelwa kukuba inombala. Ukongeza, sifunde ukongeza imibala kwimifanekiso ngexesha lesikolo esiphakamileyo sisebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemibala. Imibala yaseprayimari-eyayisaziwa njengemibala yamandulo-yipateni efanelekileyo, esekwe kwimpendulo yebhayoloji yeeseli ezamkela kwiliso lomntu kubukho bezinto ezithile zokukhanya kunye nokuphazamiseka kwazo.
Ngale nto engqondweni, umbuzo uhlala uhlala uthini umbala ophambili? Zeziphi ezenzayo? Ngaba kukho umxube wemibala ephambili? Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezikolo zamabanga aphantsi? Sifumana njani umbala omdaka? Siza kuyiphendula le mibuzo kwisikhokelo esichazayo ukuze ungajongi phambili. Ukongeza onke la mathandabuzo kwinqaku elifanayo
Ukuze ungalibali, khumbula ukuba uneli nqaku kwiibhukumaki zakho, ukuze ukhumbule yonke into ngaxeshanye.
Yeyiphi imibala ephambili?
Nawuphi na usosayensi wecompyuter, umyili, isikhanyisi uya kukuxelela ukuba i-RGB okanye i-CMYK kwaye zombini zithathwa njengezisemthethweni. Kodwa abavumelani ngendlela esiyijonga ngayo.
Umbala wokuqala, owawusaziwa njenge bakudala yenye ayinakufunyanwa ngokudibanisa eminye imibala. Oku kuvela kwindlela esibona ngayo ngamehlo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukukhanya kunye nombala kwahlukile. Ke kukho amathandabuzo aliqela ngayo. Ngapha koko, ngaphambi kokwazi la mathuba mabini ahlukaniswe ngamacandelo apho kuboniswe khona, i-RYB (ebomvu, emthubi naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) yayisaziwa -Ewe, njengomfanekiso ophambili. Khange siphazame.
Yayingumbono wokuqala wombala oyintloko, phaya kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye yanika indlela kwi-CMYK yanamhlanje. Kwaye kwathathelwa indawo ziimveliso zokwenziwa kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ngokusebenzisa ikhompyuter. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngoku kungathathelwa ngqalelo kusapho lwemibala ephambili.
Imibala ephambili ekukhanyeni yi-RGB (Bomvu, Luhlaza, noBlue) kunye nemibala ephambili ye-pigmentation yi-CMYK (ICyan, Magenta, Mthubi kunye nomnyama)
Ukuxuba umbala wokuqala
Ngokombala sinokuthi imibala ephambili zii-CMYK, eyaguqulela ukuba ibe yiCyan, Magenta, Mthubi kunye noMnyama. Ukudibanisa le mibala kubangela le mibala yesibini ilandelayo:
- Magenta + tyheli = Iorenji
- Icyan + tyheli = Luhlaza
- Cyan + magenta = Uhlaza
- ICyan + Magenta + Mthubi = Mnyama
Ngokumalunga nemibala ephambili ebonakaliswe kukukhanya, singasinika isifinyezo seRGB eliguqulelweyo liya kuba luBomvu, luhlaza, noBlue. Banokuwela kumxube wee-shades ezilandelayo zemibala yesibini:
- Luhlaza + luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka = I-Cyan
- Ubomvu + luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka = UMagenta
- Olubomvu + oluhlaza = Mthubi
- Olubomvu + oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka + oluhlaza = Mhlophe
Siyawuqaphela, umahluko womanyano wemibala emithathu ephambili ye-CMYK nge-RGB kukuba omnye uphela ngombala omnyama kwaye omnye uphela umhlophe. Into ehlekisayo kukuba ngokweemodeli ezimbini ezifanelekileyo, zombini izikimu zombala zinembalelwano ecacileyo: imibala yesibini yemodeli ye-RGB yeyona mibala iphambili ye-CMYK, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.
Ubuncinci kwithiyori, kuba xa kusenziwa oku akunakuthathelwa ingqalelo ngokoqobo. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwendalo yomntu eyenza imibala eyahlukileyo kwaye ayingomgangatho wokukhanya. Ekugqibeleni, umbala awukho ngenxa yokuba ukhona, kunoko kukuqonda kwethu.
Umbala wokuqala wesondo
Kwaziwa njenge Isangqa seChromatic Yindlela yokumela imibala ngokulandelelana ngokobungakanani bayo. Oko kukuthi, ukubeka imibala ephambili ecaleni komnye kunye nokuyixuba kubangela imibala eyahlukeneyo (imibala yesibini kunye nenqanaba lesithathu). Oku kulula ukukuchaza namhlanje. Kuba nawuphi na umsebenzisi unenkqubo yokuhlela ifoto kwikhompyuter yakhe. Sithetha ngeFotohop kodwa inokuba yeyiphi enye.
Ngokucofa umbala wephalethi, siyabona ukuba isangqa se chromatic senzeka njani. Ngaphambili yayiyinto enzima ngakumbi ukuyibona, uNewton wayeyile ubukho bemibala yokuqala kunye nesekondari kwaye uGoethe waqamba ivili lokuqala lombala ngo-1810. Eli vili liguqulwe lahluka-hlukeneyo, lade layeka ukuba lisetyhula ngokupheleleyo laze laba ziidekhodagama. UCharles Blanc ngo-1867 wabadala kwaye babonwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Indlela yokwenza umbala omdaka ngemibala ephambili
Oku kuhlala kungumsebenzi onzima kubo bonke abo baqala ukupeyinta. Ndiphindaphinda ukuba kulula ukufumana ikhowudi ye-hex okanye ye-RGB kuGoogle kwaye uyibhale kwiFotohop. Kodwa oku akukho lula kangako kumxube wendalo wemibala kwaye ufezekise oku kuyenzeka.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba umbala omdaka awungombala, kuba ayiyonxalenye yesibane sokukhanya. Yindibaniselwano yemibala, enokufezekiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ukuba yeyiphi ithoni emdaka leyo ufuna ukuyifumana, kuba kuxhomekeke kuloo thoni kuya kufuneka ulandele enye indlela okanye enye.
I-RYB ivela kwakhona
Kungenxa yoko le nto sithethe ngaphambili malunga nokudityaniswa kwemibala ephambili. Nangona namhlanje kubonakala kuphelelwe lixesha, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinokubakho. Kule meko, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omthubi nobomvu ngamalungu alinganayo kunye nomnwe omhlophe. Lo mxube uza kukunika umphumo omdaka. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ukuba ayingomthunzi ngqo owufunayo, unako xuba tyheli ukuze kuphume umthunzi okhanyayo, kwaye ngakumbi obomvu okanye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kuvela.
I-Orenji kunye neBlue
Umbala weorenji, njengoko besesichazile ngaphambili, ayingombala wokuqala. Akukho nanye amathuba (CMYK, RYB, RGB). Kungenxa yoko le nto siza kuyifumana ngale ndlela ilandelayo:
Sisebenzisa obomvu-bomvu-kunye ne-10% emthubi ukufumana iorenji oyifunayo. Siza kuwuxuba lo mbala, ngoku ewe, nge-5% eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Esiza kuyifumana ngombala wetshokholethi yesiko. Ukuba uyayifuna mnyama, yandisa ipesenti yoblue kunye nokukhanya, ipesenti yeorenji. Kuxhomekeke kwimfuno.
Okokugqibela yifumane ngoGreen noBomvu
Lo mdaka uya kuba bomvu ngakumbi, njengangaphambili ngeorenji, umbala oluhlaza awuyongqangi. Hlanganisa iindawo ezilinganayo ezityheli kunye nezuba ukuze ufumane. Nje ukuba umxube wenziwe, yongeza ebomvu kancinci kancinci. Yiyo loo nto uyakubona ukuvela kombala usiya kumbala omdaka ngetoni oyifunayo. Lumka ugqithise ngaphezulu, hleze utsibe ubungakanani obunqwenelekayo. Ukubuyela umva, yongeza eluhlaza, kodwa mhlawumbi oku akuhambelani kakuhle.